Christ: The Mercy Seat

In our study of the good news so far in Romans 3:21-25 we have seen some very wonderful aspects of this good news. First we saw in Romans 3:21 that God’s righteousness does not come by works of the Law. This is good news because if God’s righteousness does come by works of the Law then no man can be saved because no man can keep God’s Law. If the righteousness of God comes by works of the Law then it is way too far out of every man’s reach. But verse 21 says, “But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested….” To which every hopeless and helpless sinner should proclaim, “Hallelujah – this is indeed good news!”

Second we saw in Romans 3:22 that God’s righteousness does come by faith in Jesus Christ. This is good news because now that which was impossible for us to attain and was totally out of our reach has now been brought near and within our grasp by the work of Another on our behalf. Since the righteousness of God comes by faith in Jesus Christ it is very near as Romans 10:8-13 says, “But what does it say? The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart – that is the word of faith which we are preaching, that if you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved; for with the heart a person believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation. For the Scripture says, ‘Whoever believes in Him will not be disappointed.’ For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all, abounding in riches for all who call on Him; for ‘Whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved.’”

Third we saw in Romans 3:23 that God’s righteousness is provided for any sinner who will believe. This is good news because all have sinned, whether Jew or Greek, and whoever believes in Him will not be disappointed. There is no partiality with God and nothing makes one man more or less savable than another.

Fourth we saw in Romans 3:24 that God’s righteousness is provided as a gift to believing sinners without any cause in them to earn or merit the gift. This is extremely good news or only those who were smart enough or rich enough or famous enough or powerful enough or whatever enough could be saved. As believers we would do well to remember that God has declared us righteous without any cause in us, based solely on His grace, through the redemption from sin’s penalty that is in Christ Jesus.

Fifth we saw in Romans 3:25 that God’s righteousness which is provided to us as a gift of His grace was purchased at a great price and high cost to God. This is good news because the only way that a holy God could justify sinners and remain just Himself in the process was through the sinless life and sacrificial death of a willing Substitute on behalf of guilty sinners. This was none other than the sinless Son of God, the Lord Jesus Christ. God did not have to give His Son and could have justly sent us all to hell. But even at such a great price and high cost to Himself, God did not spare His own Son but delivered Him over for us all (Romans 8:32). What a loving God we serve!

Now let’s look a little deeper into this matter of the great price and high cost that God paid for the gift of our salvation. We will do this by considering Christ as the mercy seat.

Our text says, “Whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith” (Romans 3:25). If you have the NIV it says, “God presented Him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in His blood” (Romans 3:25 NIV). The word used here for “propitiation” or “sacrifice of atonement” means a sacrifice that turns away, satisfies, or appeases God’s holy wrath against sinners who have violated and not upheld His holy Law. So in propitiation the just wrath of God as the just penalty of God’s Law against ungodly, law-breaking sinners is turned away, appeased, or satisfied because His Law has been actually upheld through His wrath having been actually poured out on a sinless substitute.

So to speak of the cross of Christ as a propitiation or sacrifice of atonement is to speak of the sinless life of Christ and the sacrificial death of Christ as the only means of satisfying the justice of God and the only grounds by which He may extend mercy to any sinner. The Hebrew equivalent to the Greek word used for propitiation is used in the Old Testament in reference to the Mercy Seat in the Holy of Holies, where the high priest went once a year, on the Day of Atonement, to make sacrifice on behalf of the people. Therefore we could translate this verse as “whom God displayed publicly as a mercy seat in His blood through faith."

This brings us to one of the most wonderful illustrations of the work of Christ that is to be found in the whole Bible – Christ: the Mercy Seat! In order to understand this illustration and what Christ accomplished we must go back to the Old Testament and explain the symbolism of the work of Christ as found in Ark of the Covenant.

First though, we will start with Moses’ going up on Mount Sinai and receiving the two tablets of stone on which God wrote His Ten Commandments. While Moses was meeting with God on Mount Sinai and receiving Ten Commandments he was also receiving instructions from God on the construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings. In Exodus 25:10-22 we read about the instructions for constructing the Ark of the Covenant. In Exodus 25:16 we read that the two tablets which contained the Law of God was to be put into the ark. In Exodus 25:17-21 we read about the instructions for constructing the mercy seat, the lid for the Ark of the Covenant. “You shall make a mercy seat…” literally a propitiatory (Exodus 25:17).

While Moses was on Mount Sinai receiving not only the Ten Commandments on the two tablets of stone, he was also receiving all the necessary instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle and the proper regulations of divine worship (see Hebrews 9:1-5). But because Moses was gone for so long the people got out of control (Exodus 32:25), made a golden calf, and offered it burnt offerings and peace offerings; and the people entered into immorality (Exodus 32:1-6).

So when Moses came down with the Law in his hands which he was supposed to put into the Ark of the Covenant after its construction, he became angry and threw the tablets from his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain (Exodus 32:19). But God commanded Moses to bring two new tablets and He once again wrote the Ten Commandments on the new tablets (Exodus 34:1, 28). These unbroken tablets of God’s Law were placed in the Ark of the Covenant when the tabernacle was erected and the Ark was placed in the Holy of Holies (Exodus 40:17-21).

The broken tablets speak of man’s inability to keep God’s Law. However, the unbroken tablets speak of the Lord Jesus Christ, who in the fullness of time, was born of a woman, born under the Law, and kept the Law perfectly. Just as the unbroken Law was kept in the Ark of the Covenant so the Lord Jesus Christ kept the Law totally and therefore He was without sin, without spot, and without blemish.

But the Ark of the Covenant had on it a lid called the mercy seat. Inside the Ark was the unbroken Law which demands justice through the execution of any sinner. There is no mercy in the Law – only justice – but God in His love has provided a way to maintain the justice of His Law and to extend mercy. This is the purpose of the mercy seat. At each end of the mercy seat were two cherubim (Exodus 25:18). It was on the mercy seat in between the two cherubim that once a year the high priest came in and sprinkled the blood of the lamb on the mercy seat showing that the payment for sin against the Law had been made by an innocent substitute – one that had not violated or broken the Law. The reason that flawless animals were required by God in the sacrificial system is because they were to illustrate the flawless life of the Lord Jesus Christ who would then die to uphold the justice of God’s Law in order that God could legally extend mercy to those who would receive it.

So in essence, the Mercy Seat was an illustration of the death bed of the innocent substitute who would never break God’s Law but who would die for those who had. “But Mary was standing outside the tomb weeping; and so, as she wept, she stooped and looked into the tomb; and she saw two angels in white sitting, one at the head and one at the feet, where the body of Jesus had been lying” (John 20:11-12).

The High Cost of Salvation

Salvation is a free gift but it is not cheap! The salvation which comes to us freely as a gift by God’s grace was purchased at a great price and high cost to God. Three words are used in Romans 3:24-25 that express the high cost that God paid for our salvation: (1) redemption, (2) propitiation, and (3) blood.

Redemption carries the idea of delivering, especially by means of paying a price. Basically and fundamentally our redemption is from under the Law which has a two sided meaning. In other words when we speak of our redemption from under the Law we must see it and speak of it as two sides of the same coin.

First we are redeemed from under the Law because we are in bondage to the Law. Now the Law is not some evil task-master and that is not why we are in bondage to it. Men are in bondage to the Law because it is the expression of the perfect and just demands of a perfect and just God. God is Law-giver and Judge and His Law must be upheld perfectly or else the penalty for violating His Law must be upheld perfectly. So without being redeemed from under the Law men who have not upheld the precepts of God’s Law perfectly must face the penalty of God’s Law which God will uphold perfectly. The only way for you and I to be redeemed from under the Law is for Someone to uphold the Law perfectly in its precepts and then die a sacrificial substitutionary death to uphold the penalty for violating the Law perfectly. Does anyone know what His name is?

Second we are redeemed from under the Law because we are in bondage to sin. The reason that we are in bondage to the Law is at its root because we are in bondage to sin. This is the flip side of the coin of being redeemed from under the Law. We cannot keep the Law because of our sinful passions and therefore we are in bondage to the Law because we are in bondage to sin. So in order for us to be redeemed from under the Law we must be saved from or redeemed from sin. The Bible speaks of our being redeemed from sin as being redeemed from every lawless deed (Titus 2:14) and as being redeemed from our futile way of life (1 Peter 1:18).

The apostle Paul spoke of this two-sided truth in Romans 7:1-6: “Or do you not know, brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? For the married woman is bound by law to her husband while he is living; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law concerning her husband. So then, if while her husband is living she is joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress though she is joined to another man. Therefore, my brethren, you also were made to die to the Law through the body of Christ, so that you might be joined to another, to Him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. For while we were in the flesh, the sinful passions, which were aroused by the Law, were at work in the members of our body to bear fruit for death. But now we have been released from the Law, having died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the letter.”

There is a high cost to being redeemed from under the Law and from our sin!

Propitiation carries the basic idea of appeasement or satisfaction. In human terms, propitiation means appeasing someone who is angry, usually by a gift. But this is not what it means in the Bible. In the Bible, propitiation means the satisfying of God’s holy Law, the meeting of its just demands, so that God can freely and legally forgive those who come to Christ. So in propitiation the just wrath of God as the just penalty of God’s Law against ungodly, law-breaking sinners is appeased or satisfied because His Law has been actually upheld through His wrath having been actually poured out on a sinless substitute – God’s own dear Son, the Lord Jesus Christ.

Propitiation isn’t something that we do for God but something that God does for Himself and for us. There is no gift that we could give God that would satisfy His wrath for our violation of His Law. So propitiation is always the work of God and never the work of man.

In propitiation the penalty for violating God’s Law which incurs God’s wrath is turned away from the deserving sinner onto the undeserving Substitute in order that the Law is upheld, the sinner can be legally forgiven, and the Law-giver is satisfied and remains just.

There is a high cost to appeasing or satisfying the wrath of God for violating God’s holy Law!

Blood tells us what the price was that redeemed us and made propitiation for us. Jesus had to die on the cross in order to satisfy the Law, redeem men from under the Law, and justify lost sinners. Our salvation cost our Savior His life. We read that life is in the blood and therefore we know that when Jesus shed His blood for our forgiveness that He gave His life. We also read that without shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.

There is a high cost to our salvation and so we should not neglect so great a salvation.

If you want to know what our salvation cost God the Father then take a good look at Genesis 22

If you want to know what our salvation cost the Son of God then take a good look at Psalm 22

As we look at the cross of Calvary we see that our salvation cost God everything and yet He was willing to give it in order to redeem us and maintain His own glory and the fame of His name!